- About Tanzania
- Why Visit Tanzania
- Places To Visit in Tanzania
- When to go Tanzania
- Tanzania Travel Tips
- Tours & Safaris in Tanzania
Tanzania Historical Background and Economic Overview
From the Wildebeest Migration to the Big 5 and Tropical Beaches, Tanzania is at one with nature, self and soul for all those who find their peace in the wilderness. Tanzania's historical tapestry is deeply intertwined with the broader human narrative. The discovery of fossils at Olduvai Gorge, a globally renowned archaeological site, suggests that Tanzania has been inhabited by hominids for over two million years. This rich history encompasses Iron Age migrations from West Africa, the arrival of European and Arabian traders, missionaries, and the grim chapter of the slave trade, with Zanzibar emerging as a focal point by the mid-1800s. Colonial powers, first the Germans and later the British, held sway until Tanganyika achieved a peaceful independence in 1961. The merger with Zanzibar in 1964 heralded the birth of the modern state of Tanzania.
While Tanzania is blessed with abundant mineral resources and natural gas, its economy is predominantly agrarian, employing 75% of the population and contributing to half of the nation’s GDP. Key exports include gold, coffee, tea, and cotton. However, the most significant source of foreign exchange is the burgeoning tourism sector, which continues to grow year by year.
Tanzania People, Culture and Belief
Tanzania boasts a rich tapestry of cultures, with over 120 ethnic groups represented among its African population. Additionally, there are notable communities of Asians, Arabs, and Europeans. Despite this diversity, Tanzania has long nurtured a harmonious national culture rooted in a nuanced yet robust social code of courtesy and respect. The official languages are English and Swahili. Tanzania is also the land where religious beliefs hold significant sway, primarily characterised by the dominance of Christianity and Islam. The Muslim population is primarily concentrated along the coastal regions and in Zanzibar.
When venturing into these areas, particularly in destinations like Stone Town, it’s important for visitors to recognize and respect the conservative nature of these communities. Appropriate dress and behaviour are advised. Well-regarded for their warm and harmonious disposition, Tanzanians are generally welcoming and amiable, it is considered polite to seek permission before capturing photographs of individuals during your journey.
Tanzania Landscape and Wildlife
Situated between the two arms of the Great Rift Valley, Tanzania's vast central plateau is bounded by the great lakes of Africa in the west, towering mountain ranges to the north (including Kilimanjaro, the continent's highest peak), and the Indian Ocean to the east. The majority of the country is characterised by grasslands, open woodlands, and savannah, with pockets of lush rainforests nestled in remote mountainous regions. Tanzania stands as a sanctuary for 20% of Africa's prominent large mammals, making it a premier destination for wildlife enthusiasts.
Over 25% of the country is designated for conservation, and several Tanzanian wildlife reserves rank among the largest globally. While most visitors flock to northern Tanzania to explore famous and easily accessible wildlife reserves, it is in the southern and central regions where vast, relatively untouched savannahs and rainforest reserves offer authentic off-the-beaten-track safari experiences.
Tanzania's Capital City
Dodoma
Tanzania's Population
63.6 million
Tanzania's Currency
Tanzanian Shilling
Tanzania's Language
English, Swahili
Tanzania's Calling Code
+255
Safaris are a common sight across the expanse of Tanzania, deeply ingrained in the culture of East Africa’s second-largest nation for many years. Tanzania stands out as a destination in Africa renowned for its remarkable assortment of wildlife and landscapes. From the iconic savannahs of the Serengeti, Tarangire, and Ngorongoro Crater to the pristine beaches and vibrant coral reefs of Zanzibar, a Tanzanian safari offers an unceasing sequence of grand experiences. And this is just the beginning; there are hidden treasures to be found off the beaten path, such as tracking chimpanzees in the untouched rainforests of Mahale and Rubondo or enjoying unhurried wildlife encounters amid the breathtakingly untamed terrain of Nyerere (formerly Selous) and Ruaha.
Tanzania safari presents an array of compelling motivations to embark on this adventure, including year-round opportunities for incredible game viewing, the renowned Wildebeest Migration, and the prospect of concluding your journey with a tropical beach retreat.
Experience the Magnificent Wildebeest Migration
Few destinations on our planet can offer a wildlife spectacle that rivals the annual Wildebeest Migration, making it the prime time to explore Tanzania when it's in full swing. At the heart of most inaugural Tanzania safari itineraries, the Migration is an awe-inspiring testament to the extraordinary beauty of nature. Approximately 2 million wildebeest, zebras, and antelopes embark on a perilous journey, navigating a gauntlet of predators as they migrate across the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem in search of fresh grazing lands. This spectacular event stands as one of the last great terrestrial animal migrations on Earth, with herds so vast that they can be observed from space.
Takebacks:
- The Serengeti National Park, Tanzania’s flagship conservation area, plays host to the majority of the Migration’s movements.
- Mobile camps are strategically relocated to remain as close to the herds as possible, allowing for an immersive experience.
- Some accommodations provide convenient access to river crossing points, a key highlight of this phenomenon.
Please note: Safari camp availability in well-located areas during June and October (the river crossing season) is limited. If you desire front-row seats to witness the dramatic river crossings, it is advisable to book your Tanzania safari at least a year in advance. Alternatively, consider visiting when the herds give birth and traverse the plains in search of sustenance; this offers an equally impressive spectacle and is more easily guaranteed, with fewer tourist crowds. Consult with one of our Africa Safari Experts to plan your journey to align with the herds’ movements.
Encounter the Majestic Big 5 within an Ancient Volcanic Crater
The Ngorongoro Crater, a geological marvel formed approximately 2.5 million years ago when a colossal volcano erupted and then collapsed upon itself, now thrives as an enclosed ecosystem and a distinguished World Heritage Site. It stands as the preeminent location in East Africa for witnessing the Big 5 – an elite group of iconic African wildlife species. Plunging to a depth of roughly 600 metres (1,970 feet), the Crater's floor encompasses an expansive 260 square kilometres (100 square miles). This extraordinary locale within Tanzania offers a remarkable opportunity to observe diverse habitats that provide sustenance for an impressive assemblage of approximately 30,000 animals.
Takebacks: Notable features of the Ngorongoro Crater experience include:
- The most dependable sightings of the Big 5 in East Africa.
- Recognition as one of the Seven Natural Wonders of Africa.
- Hosting some of the densest populations of large mammals across the African continent.
Venture Off the Usual Trails
Tanzania's less-explored parks and reserves beckon to intrepid safari enthusiasts and those who have already traversed the more renowned destinations in Northern Tanzania. These hidden gems encompass a diverse range of environments, from savannahs and wetlands to rainforests and lakes, offering extraordinary wildlife encounters away from the hustle and bustle of tourist crowds. What's more, you can partake in unique activities such as fishing, walking and boating safaris, off-roading adventures, and thrilling night drives—experiences not typically allowed within national parks like the Serengeti.
Takebacks:
- Explore Ruaha National Park, Tanzania’s best-kept secret, boasting the country’s largest elephant population.
- Embark on a journey to Nyerere National Park (formerly known as Selous Game Reserve), recognized as one of Africa’s vital refuges for the endangered wild dog.
- Set forth to Mahale Mountains or Rubondo Island for one of Tanzania’s most extraordinary safari encounters: chimpanzee trekking.
Culminate Your Safari on a Tropical Oasis
Numerous Tanzania safaris conclude with a tranquil sojourn on a palm-fringed beach caressed by the warm, azure waters of the Indian Ocean. Safari days can be arduous and dusty, and a sun-drenched tropical island serves as the idyllic setting to reflect on your remarkable experiences before returning to the routines of everyday life. You can effortlessly transition from a Tanzania safari camp to a pristine beach with time to spare for sunset cocktails.
Takebacks:
- Explore Zanzibar, acclaimed as one of the world’s most romantic honeymoon destinations.
- Delight in the seclusion of Mnemba Island, a private island paradise.
- Consider Pemba Island, renowned among the globe’s top diving destinations.
- Opt for Mafia Island to swim alongside migrating whale sharks (typically between October and April).
Conquer Africa's Loftiest Peak
Mount Kilimanjaro not only reigns as Africa's tallest mountain but also stands as the world's highest free-standing mountain. Soaring nearly 6 kilometres (4 miles) above Tanzania's plains, ascending to the 'Roof of Africa' can span six to ten days. Various routes to the summit cater to different levels of difficulty, climbing duration, congestion, and natural beauty. Consult with one of our Experts to craft a Kilimanjaro trek tailored to your preferences and capabilities. We can also seamlessly combine your Kilimanjaro adventure with a Tanzania safari in nearby parks and reserves.
Tanzania beckons to travellers with its unparalleled array of safari experiences, from witnessing the awe-inspiring migration of millions of wildebeest, zebras, and antelopes in the Serengeti to conquering the snow-capped summit of Mount Kilimanjaro. You can also unwind on the pristine white-sand beaches of Zanzibar, making Tanzania one of Africa’s most diverse destinations. The vastness of Tanzania, nearly 1.5 times the size of Texas, necessitates a categorization of its major holiday destinations into four regions:
Northern Safari Circuit: Comprising the Serengeti, Ngorongoro, Lake Manyara, Tarangire, and Kilimanjaro, this circuit is the most popular Tanzania safari route.
Tanzania Coast and Islands: These breath-taking coastal areas, particularly islands like Zanzibar, offer accessible beachfront beauty.
Southern Tanzania: This region houses the untamed and underrated Nyerere (formerly Selous) and Ruaha, both holding the title of best-kept Tanzania safari secrets.
Western Tanzania: Venture to the far-flung corners of Katavi and Mahale for the ultimate off-the-beaten-path Tanzania safaris.
Your choice of destination depends on your safari preferences and the best time to visit Tanzania. While the Northern Safari Circuit is favoured by both first-time and seasoned safari-goers, Southern and Western Tanzania harbour hidden treasures. Consult our Tanzania safari guide to plan your ideal Tanzanian adventure.
Tanzania Serengeti National Park: The Safari Jewel
Synonymous with African safaris, the Serengeti is the ultimate destination for dramatic game viewing in Tanzania. Hosting the majority of the Wildebeest Migration from January to September, the Serengeti stands out due to its vastness, accessibility, top-tier lodges, and year-round abundance of wildlife. It's an essential stop on the best Tanzania safari tours.
Tanzania Ngorongoro Crater: Big 5 Wonderland
Imagine placing approximately 30,000 animals within the confines of an extinct volcano. Add wetlands, forests, grasslands, and cliff-top accommodations, and you have the Ngorongoro Crater. This extraordinary Tanzania safari destination offers exceptional game viewing in a truly unique setting. It is renowned for providing some of the easiest and most reliable Big 5 sightings in East Africa, making it one of the best safari destinations in Tanzania.
Tanzania Tarangire National Park: The Elephant Kingdom
Situated near Lake Manyara and the Ngorongoro Crater, Tarangire is much more than a day trip. During the dry season from June to October, animal concentrations along the Tarangire River, especially elephants, are among the highest in the country. With over 500 bird species, it's a paradise for bird enthusiasts. The park's diverse landscape features riverine forests, expansive swamps, and open woodlands adorned with iconic baobab trees.
Tanzania Lake Manyara National Park: Lions in Trees
As part of Tanzania's renowned Northern Safari Circuit, Lake Manyara offers accessible game viewing in a stunning setting. The park is home to an array of iconic species, including buffalo, hippos, giraffes, elephants, leopards, and its famous tree-climbing lions. Lake Manyara is also a haven for bird-watchers, with pelicans and flamingos often gracing the lake, while the floodplains, woodlands, and evergreen forests teem with life.
Tanzania Zanzibar and Tanzania Islands: Indian Ocean Paradise
Wrap up your East African safari with a stay on Tanzania's Spice Island, Zanzibar. Ideal for families and honeymooners, it offers pristine beaches, coral reefs, traditional dhow boat trips at sunset, and exploration of fragrant local markets. Other Indian Ocean islands like Pemba, Mafia, and Chole also promise exceptional beach getaways, boasting fantastic diving opportunities, exclusive boutique accommodations, and indulgent pampering.
Tanzania Ruaha National Park: A Hidden Treasure
Ruaha's rugged and untamed character sets it apart as Tanzania's largest national park with only a handful of safari camps. Here, you'll encounter an abundance of animals, including buffalo, giraffes, kudus, sables, lions, cheetahs, and leopards. Ruaha is home to Tanzania's largest elephant population and a stronghold for the rare African wild dog.
Tanzania Nyerere National Park: A Wild Dog Sanctuary
Africa's largest game reserve, Nyerere National Park (formerly Selous), surpasses the size of Switzerland. Its lifeblood, the grand Rufiji River, forms a complex network of channels, swamps, and lakes, nurturing one of East Africa's most magnificent ecosystems. This wildlife-rich environment supports buffalos, hippos, crocodiles, and lions, while the reserve is a vital sanctuary for endangered wild dogs. Don't miss the opportunity for a boat safari, guided walk, or fly-camping excursion in this breathtaking wilderness.
Tanzania Lake Tanganyika: Rainforests and Chimpanzees
Hemmed in by the towering walls of the Great Rift Valley, the world's longest freshwater lake is one of our planet's most biologically diverse habitats. The presence of Mahale Mountains and Gombe Stream National Parks, located along the lakeside, contributes to this rich biodiversity. These remote destinations offer unique Tanzania safari experiences, including wildlife viewing in tropical rainforests and remarkable chimpanzee trekking.
Tanzania Mount Kilimanjaro: Africa's Pinnacle
Whether you're content with admiring its towering presence or aspiring to reach its icy summit, Mount Kilimanjaro will leave an indelible mark on your soul. At 5,895 metres (19,340 feet), it is Africa's tallest mountain and the tallest free-standing mountain on Earth. Access to its snow-capped peaks is more manageable than you might think, particularly during the dry seasons between July and October or January and March, when technical climbing is unnecessary. However, planning a hike to the summit requires careful logistical arrangements.
Arusha: Gateway to Safari
Arusha, often referred to as the safari capital of Tanzania, is a common stopover for those visiting the Serengeti, Ngorongoro Crater, and Lake Manyara. Nestled in the shadow of Mount Meru, the city features both Kilimanjaro International Airport and the smaller Arusha Airport, serving as a departure point for charter flights to remote destinations. While in Arusha, you can engage in cultural activities, purchase souvenirs, and explore local points of interest.
Tanzania Dar es Salaam: Access to Island Getaways
Dar es Salaam is a bustling city that primarily serves as a launchpad for travellers heading to Zanzibar and the Indian Ocean coast. It also offers convenient access to lesser-known reserves like Selous. Quality accommodations are available for those in need of an overnight stay.
The optimal period for embarking on a safari adventure in Tanzania falls within the dry season, which typically spans from late June to October. Tanzania experiences two distinct rainy seasons: the ‘long rains’ from April to May and the ‘short rains’ from November to December. During the ‘long rains,’ the country is prone to tropical downpours, often occurring in the afternoons, which may lead to the temporary closure of some safari camps. The ‘short rains’ generally bring about brief, sporadic showers.
Most safari regions in Tanzania offer warm daytime temperatures and cool evenings throughout the year. While temperatures can plummet below freezing on Mount Kilimanjaro and Mount Meru, the coastal areas along the Indian Ocean and lakeside regions maintain hot and humid conditions.
The choice of the best time for a Tanzania safari hinges on your desired destination and wildlife observations. For newcomers to the world of safari, the dry season is typically recommended as it facilitates easier tracking and spotting of wildlife. Whether you are a first-time visitor or an experienced traveller, it’s worthwhile to discern the distinctions between the safari high season and low season in Tanzania.
If you seek a tropical beach getaway, January is perfect for enjoying Tanzania’s coastal charm. Experience the pristine shores of Zanzibar with powder-soft sands and azure waters. It’s also when the Wildebeest Migration reaches the southern Serengeti for calving. February brings hot and humid conditions, marking the beginning of calving season for wildebeests, with approximately 500,000 calves born during this period. The plains teem with new life.Despite being extremely hot, March starts dry but may see the early ‘long rains.’ The landscape turns lush green, a stark contrast to the dry terrain of previous months. It’s also an ideal time for conquering Mount Kilimanjaro.
April is the wettest month, with afternoon thunderstorms and occasional night time storms. Western and southern parks have high humidity, but it’s an economical time to travel. The beginning of May is still rainy, but conditions start to improve towards the end of the month as the dry season approaches. The Great Migration is on its way from the southern Serengeti to the western corridor. June is dry, busy, and prime for Tanzania luxury safaris. The rains have ceased, the landscape shifts from green to yellow, and wildlife sightings improve as vegetation recedes. The Great Migration may pause at the Grumeti River.
Peak safari season is in full swing in July, offering ideal weather and superb game drive opportunities. The Great Migration reaches the northern Serengeti, preparing for the treacherous Mara River crossing. Peak season continues in August, drawing crowds to the northern safari circuit and Zanzibar. Wildlife viewing is exceptional, and the Great Migration begins its Mara River crossings. Tourist crowds thin, and the absence of rain reduces humidity and mosquitoes. Ideal for Kilimanjaro hikers and those seeking abundant elephants in Tarangire National Park. Fishing season in Tanzania’s lake regions commences.
Thunderclouds gather, bringing the first rains. Mahale Mountains National Park is perfect for chimpanzee encounters, while Lake Tanganyika is at its warmest. It’s an ideal time to climb Mount Meru in Arusha National Park. Often underrated, November sees periodic thunderstorms in the afternoons. The northern parks of Tanzania offer excellent year-round game viewing. It’s a good time for off-the-beaten-track exploration. Falling in the middle of the ‘short rains,’ December begins quietly but gains momentum during the Christmas and New Year period. It’s a fantastic month for birdwatching as migratory birds arrive, especially in Nyerere and Tarangire National Parks. The Great Migration returns to the southern Serengeti, ideal for witnessing feasting and new life on their year-round circular journey.
Tanzania Travel Advice
Receive the best travel guidance from our experts at Reimagining Travel, even before you begin or even think about a vacation in Tanzania.
Currency: Tanzanian Shilling (along with an additional recommended use of the US Dollars, apart from those printed before 2006)
Transaction: Specifically done in cash, the credit cards and traveller’s cheques, although widely accepted, may incur transaction fees. ATMs are readily available in major towns and cities in Tanzania, but they are not typically found in the national parks and game reserves.
Recommended: Customary for lodge staff and guides during your Botswana safari, but the gratuity amount varies based on the staff member’s role and your group’s size.
Others: In urban restaurants and bars, it is common to offer a 10% tip when a service charge is not included.
Average Summer Temperatures: > 29 °C
Average Winter Temperatures: 21 -27 °C
Rainy Season: 22 – 30 °C
Regular/Everyday: For your Tanzania safari, it’s wise to pack light, casual clothing in practical and neutral colours. Additionally, bring a warm jacket to stay cozy during evening game drives, which is a good idea year-round.
If you plan to visit Zanzibar, it’s crucial to be mindful of local customs, especially in main towns. Women are advised to dress modestly as a sign of respect for Muslim cultural beliefs. Opt for T-shirts that cover the shoulders, long skirts, and capri pants, as they are generally more suitable than tank tops and shorts. However, once you’re at the beaches and resorts, feel free to don beachwear and bathing costumes as they are perfectly acceptable.
Did you know that you can book your flights through Reimagining Travel? For further information and answers to frequently asked questions, please contact one of our Travel Experts.
International Airports
Kilimanjaro International Airport: Serving as Tanzania’s second international airport, it acts as a gateway to the Serengeti, Ngorongoro Crater, Tarangire, and Lake Manyara. For charter flights to these safari destinations, you’ll need to make a transfer to Arusha Airport. International flights often land at Kilimanjaro Airport later in the day, typically requiring an overnight stay in Arusha.
Dar-es-Salaam International Airport: As Tanzania’s primary airport, it serves as the primary entry point to the Indian Ocean coast, Zanzibar, Nyerere National Park (formerly Selous), and Ruaha National Park.
Regional Airports
Arusha Airport: Positioned approximately 30 kilometres (18.5 miles) from Kilimanjaro International Airport, Arusha Airport acts as the gateway to the safari airstrips in northern Tanzania.
Safari Vehicles
Guided road transfers and game drives in Tanzania are conducted in enclosed 4×4 vehicles equipped with large windows and pop-up roofs. However, travellers heading to destinations like Mahale will enjoy a boat transfer across Lake Tanganyika. Most safari destinations boast extensive road networks, making closed vehicles the standard choice for long-distance road transfers between airstrips, camps, and lodges in Tanzania. A typical enclosed 4×4 game drive vehicle comprises three rows of seating and features a pop-up roof hatch that can be raised for game viewing and photography.
Nearly all travellers to Tanzania must secure a visa. It’s important to contact the appropriate authorities well in advance, ideally several months before your trip, to understand Tanzania’s entry requirements and to arrange the necessary permits and visas. We strongly advise travellers entering Tanzania via Kilimanjaro International Airport to obtain their visas online through the Tanzania Immigration Department before arriving in Tanzania. E-visas can take 2 to 3 weeks to be issued.
Visitors to Tanzania are required to possess a passport with a validity of at least six months beyond their initial travel date.
Additional Advice
It is important to follow the below instruction before booking or planning your Tanzanian Safari.
- Careful Timing: If witnessing the Wildebeest Migration on your safari or enjoying the best beach weather in Zanzibar is a priority, ensure your itinerary aligns with your travel preferences.
- Early Booking: Tanzania’s coveted safari destinations and well-located camps at Wildebeest Migration hotspots tend to fill up well in advance, often a year prior.
- Activity Selection: While morning and afternoon game drives are standard safari activities, excursions like night game drives, guided bush walks, and hot-air balloon safaris are only permitted in specific areas or camps.
- High Season Awareness: Tanzania’s renowned national parks, such as the Serengeti, Ngorongoro Crater, Lake Manyara, and Tarangire, can attract a significant number of visitors from June to October. If you desire a quieter experience with excellent game viewing, consider visiting during the low or Green Season (approximately November to March).
- Opt for Privacy: If exclusivity is your preference, explore one of Tanzania’s private reserves. These accommodations offer superb lodging, game viewing comparable to the main parks, and occasionally provide extra safari activities (refer to point 3).
- Safari and Wildebeest Migration in the Serengeti ExpeditionsTimings:During January to March, one can experience a scenic beauty of calving or birthing season, intense big cat action, as well as rutting (a period of sexual excitement, reproductive activity and mating battles between males). However, Grumeti River Crossings could be explored between May and July. Post that till September, Mara River Crossings could also be included in your itinerary.
Seasons: About June to October (long dry season), the high rates can compel you to book well in advance. The cool and dry Tanzanian weather during this time may encourage good photographic conditions but can be pretty crowded with no baby animals and migrant birds in the vicinity.
However, during January to March and November to December, there is no need to book too far in advance, as the rates are low and the crowd is less. The hot and occasionally wet weather brings out Tanzania’s greenest, most scenic landscapes with lots of baby animals in sight, with the best light of the year for photography, as well as build an ideal timing scenario for bird-watching.
